Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that affects social engagement, communication skills, interests, and behavior patterns. It is important for parents to have a comprehensive understanding of ASD in order to effectively manage it. Early signs of ASD may include delays in joint attention, language delays or differences, and regression in developmental milestones. Recognizing these signs and seeking early intervention can greatly improve outcomes for children with ASD. As an empathetic parent blogger, I understand the challenges and emotions of being a parent, and I provide support, guidance, and relatable stories to help parents navigate the complexities of raising a child with autism. In this article, we will explore the early signs of ASD and the importance of early screening and intervention. We will also discuss strategies and interventions that can support children with ASD in their development and improve their overall quality of life
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with a wide array of manifestations, impacting social engagement, communication skills, interests, and behavioral patterns. The term 'spectrum' encapsulates the broad range of symptoms and varying degrees of severity that can differ significantly among individuals. The symptoms of ASD can be mild or severe, with some children displaying only minor symptoms, while others face major challenges in their everyday lives.
Acquiring a comprehensive understanding of ASD is the initial step towards managing it effectively. Early signs of ASD often include delays in or lack of joint attention, referring to a child's ability to share focus with others by shifting their gaze between an object or event and another person. Language delays or differences are another common sign of ASD, with children often exhibiting delays in non-verbal communication and spoken language. They may use labels for objects but not for making requests, and they may repeat what they hear for extended periods.
A crucial early sign of ASD is regression in developmental milestones. Around one in four children later diagnosed with ASD may experience a regression in skills, such as language, between the ages of 15 and 24 months. This highlights the importance of early screening and intervention for ASD, as prompt initiation of intervention programs can greatly improve the outcomes for children with ASD.
While many children with ASD may not show signs until their toddler years, some clues may be visible before their first birthday. These early signs include a lack of social back-and-forth interactions, such as not smiling or making eye contact, or attempting to communicate through expressions and sounds. Other signs may include a lack of communication using hand gestures, delayed speech, poor joint attention skills, and unusual behaviors like rocking or hand flapping.
Pediatricians can perform screenings for ASD during regular check-ups, and early intervention services are available for children under 3 years old. Parents who have concerns about their child's development should not hesitate to discuss these with their pediatrician. An early diagnosis of autism leads to earlier intervention, which can significantly improve outcomes for the child. With this understanding, parents can seek the appropriate support for their child.
Understanding ASD is vital for families as they navigate treatment options and consider the impact of technology-enhanced strategies for behavior modification. By gaining knowledge about ASD, families can better support their loved ones and make informed decisions about the most effective treatment approaches. To identify the early signs of ASD, it is important to pay attention to certain behaviors and developmental milestones in children. These signs may include delayed speech or language skills, difficulty with social interactions and communication, repetitive behaviors or restricted interests, and sensory sensitivities. If you have concerns about your child's development or if you notice any of these early signs, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional.
Individuals with ASD can benefit from a range of support services and interventions tailored to their specific needs. These can include behavioral therapies, speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, social skills training, and educational support. Additionally, there are community resources and support groups available to provide guidance and assistance to individuals with autism and their families. It is important to have a comprehensive approach that addresses the unique challenges and strengths of each individual with ASD.
Managing the challenges of ASD requires implementing appropriate treatment options and strategies, such as a combination of behavioral interventions, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and social skills training. Additionally, creating a supportive environment at home, school, and other settings can greatly benefit individuals with ASD. It is also essential to work closely with healthcare professionals, educators, and therapists to develop an individualized plan that addresses the specific needs of the person with ASD. Regular communication and collaboration with these professionals can help ensure that the management approach remains effective and tailored to the individual's needs.
There are various effective interventions available for individuals with ASD. These interventions can help in improving communication, social skills, behavior, and overall quality of life for individuals with autism. Some commonly used interventions include applied behavior analysis (ABA), speech therapy, occupational therapy, social skills training, and sensory integration therapy. It is important to tailor interventions to meet the specific needs of each individual with autism, as the effectiveness of interventions may vary depending on the person. It is recommended to work with a team of professionals, including therapists, educators, and medical professionals, to develop an individualized intervention plan for someone with ASD.
One possible solution to improving social interaction in individuals with ASD is the use of technology-enhanced strategies for behavior modification. These strategies can leverage the benefits of technology to provide targeted interventions and support for individuals with autism. By using technology tools, such as apps or virtual reality programs, individuals with autism can engage in interactive and engaging social scenarios that can help them practice and develop their social skills. Additionally, technology can also provide real-time feedback and reinforcement, which can be highly beneficial for individuals with autism who may have difficulty understanding and interpreting social cues. Overall, technology-enhanced strategies can provide a valuable tool for improving social interaction in individuals with ASD.
There are various communication strategies that can be helpful for individuals with ASD. These strategies aim to improve their communication skills and promote better understanding and interaction with others. Some common strategies include visual supports, such as using visual schedules and social stories, which can help individuals with autism understand expectations and navigate daily routines. Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems, such as using picture symbols or communication apps, can also be beneficial for individuals who struggle with verbal communication. Additionally, using clear and concise language, providing visual cues, using visual aids, and incorporating structured and predictable routines can all support effective communication for individuals with ASD. It is important to remember that communication strategies should be tailored to the individual's unique needs and preferences.
There are a variety of behavioral interventions available for individuals with ASD. These interventions aim to improve communication, social skills, and behavior management. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is one commonly used approach, which focuses on teaching new skills and reducing problem behaviors through positive reinforcement. Other behavioral interventions include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), social skills training, and structured teaching. It is important to work with a team of professionals to determine which interventions are most appropriate for each individual with ASD.
There are various therapeutic approaches available for individuals with ASD. These approaches aim to support and improve the overall development and functioning of individuals with autism. Some common therapeutic approaches include applied behavior analysis (ABA), speech therapy, occupational therapy, social skills training, and sensory integration therapy. These approaches are tailored to the unique needs of each individual with autism and can help them improve communication, social interaction, behavior management, and overall quality of life. It is important to work with a team of professionals, including doctors, therapists, and educators, to determine the most appropriate therapeutic approaches for each individual with ASD
Recognizing early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be a complex journey as these indicators often subtly surface over time.
It's important for parents to note three pivotal signs of ASD.
Firstly, a delay in or absence of joint attention could serve as an indicator. Joint attention refers to a child's ability to build a connection with another individual by alternating their gaze between an object and the person. This includes nonverbal communication like eye contact, which is a key aspect of social interaction. Children on the autism spectrum may exhibit delays or even a complete absence of these social communication skills.
Secondly, language delays or differences could also be a sign of ASD. Children affected by ASD might face delays in nonverbal communication and spoken language, and they might use words merely to label objects rather than to express their needs. They may also repeat what they hear, a behavior known as echolalia. Delayed speech refers to a significant delay in the development of language skills, such as not uttering their first words within the expected timeframe. Such a delay can be one of the early indicators of ASD and might warrant further evaluation by a healthcare professional.
The third sign is a regression in developmental milestones. Around 25% of children who are later diagnosed with ASD might develop some language skills that they suddenly or gradually stop using, and they may also become more socially withdrawn.
While these signs do not confirm that a child has ASD, they should prompt a deeper exploration. Regular screenings for ASD at the child's 18 and 24-month well-child check-ups are recommended. This emphasizes the importance of early detection and intervention, which can significantly enhance the outcomes for children with ASD.
Parents play a crucial role in this journey, especially if they have a family member with autism. Regularly monitoring your child's developmental milestones is vital. For instance, by 9 months, children typically start smiling and laughing, by 12 months, they start using gestures such as pointing and waving, and by 36 months, they begin engaging in conversations and asking questions.
If any concerns arise, it's essential to trust your instincts and seek professional help. Unusual reactions to the way things sound, smell, taste, look, or feel, or repetitive behaviors, could indicate early signs of ASD. It's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional specializing in developmental disorders for a comprehensive assessment.
Bear in mind that support and assistance are always available, and early intervention can make a significant difference. Each child with ASD is unique, so what might be considered unusual for one child might not be for another. Remember, understanding the early signs of ASD is crucial for early intervention
As parents, you play an instrumental role in recognizing early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in your child. One of the key indicators is a struggle with social communication and interpersonal interactions. Children with ASD often find it challenging to express and comprehend emotions, interpret social signals, and sustain conversations. They may prefer solitary play and show a lack of interest in forming friendships.
One early sign of ASD is a delay in or absence of joint attention - the ability to form a connection with others by alternately shifting gaze between an object or event and another individual. Various strategies can help improve these social communication skills. Techniques like social skills training, peer modeling, visual supports, and technology-enhanced strategies can help children with ASD to communicate effectively with others and navigate social situations more successfully.
Language development is another critical area to monitor. Children with ASD may experience delays in nonverbal communication and spoken language. For instance, they might use labels for objects, but not when requesting things. They might also exhibit echolalia or the repetition of words or phrases, for an extended period. Evidence-based strategies, such as visual supports, social stories, video modeling, and social skills training, can be utilized to teach emotions to children with ASD.
The journey of parenting a child with ASD can be challenging, but remember, every child with ASD is unique, and it's important to tailor interventions and strategies to their individual needs and strengths. The key to success is early detection, which can pave the way for more efficacious interventions. Monitoring your child's developmental milestones is crucial. If you notice any unusual patterns, such as a regression in skills like language between 15 and 24 months, don't hesitate to seek professional assistance.
You are not alone in this journey. Various resources are available to provide guidance and strategies to support your child's social skills development. Specialized programs, therapies, or interventions focus on improving social communication and interaction. Additionally, online platforms, support groups, and community organizations offer information, advice, and resources specifically tailored to parents of children with ASD.
Remember, early screening and intervention for ASD can greatly enhance your child's development and quality of life. Trust your instincts and consult with a healthcare professional if you have any concerns
Children on the autism spectrum often exhibit behaviors that are restricted or repetitive, which we refer to as RRBs.
These behaviors may take various forms, such as a child persistently arranging their toys in a specific order, repeating certain phrases, or showing a strong adherence to daily routines. In some instances, they may also demonstrate an intense interest in specific subjects, almost to the point of obsession. Recognizing these behavioral patterns is a significant step towards early identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
Restricted and repetitive behaviors, or RRBs, are distinctive characteristics of ASD. They can range from stereotyped motor movements like hand flapping to an intense need for consistency and routine. While these behaviors can sometimes interfere with other activities and affect social relationships, they are not insurmountable. Research indicates that behavioral interventions can effectively reduce RRBs and the associated problem behaviors. Such interventions can include strategies like response interruption and redirection, exposure response prevention, and family-implemented treatments.
It's also worth noting that differences in RRBs can be noticeable before a child reaches two years of age, in those who are diagnosed with, or go on to be diagnosed with autism. These differences are visible in the frequency and intensity of RRBs across multiple areas. However, the functional outcomes associated with early RRBs are still a subject of ongoing research.
To effectively recognize patterns in RRBs, it is crucial to carefully observe and document the child's behavior over time. Consistent behaviors or routines that the child engages in repeatedly or excessively may include repetitive motor movements (e.g., hand flapping, body rocking), insistence on sameness or routine, or intense fixations on specific interests or topics.
Understanding and identifying RRBs can be achieved through various strategies such as direct observation, parent or caregiver interviews, and the use of standardized assessment tools designed specifically for ASD. Gathering information from teachers, therapists, and other individuals who interact with the child regularly can also be helpful in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the child's behaviors.
The use of visual supports, such as visual schedules or social stories, can help children understand and anticipate daily routines and activities. Structured teaching strategies, which involve breaking tasks into smaller steps and providing clear instructions and visual cues, can also be beneficial. Sensory integration therapy can help children who engage in repetitive behaviors as a way to regulate their sensory experiences.
Addressing intense interests in children with ASD is an important aspect of their treatment and support. By understanding and acknowledging these intense interests, caregivers and professionals can tailor interventions and educational strategies to harness the child's strengths and incorporate their interests into learning and social activities. This approach can help promote engagement, motivation, and a sense of fulfillment for children with ASD.
In a nutshell, recognizing these behavioral patterns and understanding their significance can play a pivotal role in the early detection of ASD. While RRBs can significantly impact daily life, effective interventions are available that can help manage them and improve overall functioning
Early detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has the potential to be a game-changer in a child's developmental journey. The toddler years are particularly critical, often marking the emergence of ASD indicators, necessitating routine screenings. If your child's pediatrician hasn't brought it up, you might want to suggest a developmental screening during your regular visits.
Research by the University of Utah emphasizes the necessity of systematic screening. Their study revealed that a significant number of children at risk, aged between 14 and 24 months, can be spotted through this method. The study involved autism experts and healthcare providers who screened 796 toddlers using two well-recognized questionnaires, identifying 10 children with early ASD signs previously overlooked. The process of filling out these questionnaires prompted parents to reevaluate their child's development, leading to further evaluation. The researchers highlighted the importance of the partnership between autism experts and healthcare providers in simplifying the screening process and suggested larger studies to evaluate the costs and effects of widespread ASD screening.
Some researchers have strongly advocated for universal autism screening in toddlers, despite a federal task force stating that there was insufficient evidence to recommend it. These researchers believe that an earlier diagnosis is incredibly beneficial when treating children on the autism spectrum and expressed concern over the gaps in long-term follow-up studies of children diagnosed through primary care screening. The American Academy of Pediatrics has endorsed screening for nearly a decade, yet a study found that only 17% of pediatricians were employing all three steps of the screening process. Without the explicit backing of the task force, there's a risk that the number of pediatricians conducting screenings could further decline. The researchers stress that universal screening is a public health concern, and reducing it could have detrimental long-term effects on children with, or at risk for, ASD. They hope that as more studies highlighting the benefits of screening and early detection surface, the task force will reconsider its stance.
Parents and healthcare professionals can look out for several signs and symptoms of ASD in toddlers, including delayed speech and language skills, difficulty with social interactions and communication, repetitive behaviors or interests, and sensitivity to sensory stimuli. If these signs are noticed, it's recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance. Early detection of ASD allows for the implementation of strategies and interventions to help children with ASD develop essential skills and abilities. Moreover, it enables families to access appropriate support services and resources, helping them navigate the challenges associated with ASD.
Access appropriate support services and resources for children with ASD
When to request a developmental screening may depend on various factors such as the child's age, specific concerns or observations about their development, and recommendations from healthcare professionals. Developmental screenings are typically conducted at specific intervals during a child's early years, such as at 9 months, 18 months, and 24-30 months. However, if a parent or caregiver has concerns about a child's development at any age, they should not hesitate to seek a developmental screening. Early identification and intervention can be crucial in supporting a child's development.
In conversations with your pediatrician about ASD screening, open communication and a clear understanding of your concerns are important. Start by expressing your observations and any specific behaviors or developmental delays that have led you to suspect ASD in your child. Ask your pediatrician about their experience with ASD screening and their recommended approach. It may be helpful to bring any relevant documentation or notes to the appointment to support your observations. Additionally, inquire about the specific screening tools or assessments that the pediatrician uses and discuss the next steps if the screening indicates a potential ASD diagnosis.
There are resources available for ASD screening in toddlers. These resources can help identify early signs of autism spectrum disorder in young children. It is important to consult with healthcare professionals or organizations specializing in autism to find the most appropriate screening tools and methods for toddlers. Early intervention and detection can greatly improve outcomes for children with ASD
Recognizing the early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be a challenging process, especially when it comes to identifying language delays. These delays often serve as initial indicators of ASD, with children demonstrating unique language patterns, such as speaking in an unusual tone, repeating words or phrases, or having difficulties with non-verbal cues like eye contact or hand gestures. Some common indicators of language delays in children with ASD include limited or no speech by the age of two, difficulty in understanding and following directions, repetitive or echolalic speech, and a lack of social communication skills.
It's crucial to understand these language differences for a more empathetic approach to a child's unique experiences. For instance, some individuals with high support needs autism liken their experience of communication to being in a foreign country where the language and cultural norms are different. Imagine being in a loud crowd where multiple people are shouting your name, and you don't know which direction to turn. This depiction underscores the urgency and potential stress of such situations.
Language delays and unique patterns are not the only challenges faced by individuals with ASD. Cognitive rigidity, sensory issues, and social skills challenges also play a significant role. Cognitive rigidity, for instance, can be likened to feeling as if everyone else is driving a car while they are on a train, illustrating the struggle to adapt to changes or switch conversation topics. There's also the misconception that verbal ability equates to cognitive functioning. As one semi-verbal autistic individual shared, "When I can't speak, my intelligence has not decreased, and I have not lost the ability to think."
To navigate these challenges, various strategies can be employed to improve communication skills. The use of visual supports, such as picture schedules and social stories, can help children understand and follow routines and social interactions. Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems, which can include the use of sign language, communication boards, or speech-generating devices, can also be beneficial. Additionally, providing clear and concise instructions, using visual cues, and incorporating structured activities can help improve communication skills.
When it comes to speech therapy techniques, visual supports, social stories, and the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) are commonly used. These tools can help children with ASD understand and follow instructions, navigate social situations, and communicate their needs and wants. Collaborating with a qualified speech therapist can help determine which techniques will be most beneficial for each individual child.
Non-verbal communication is also a key area that clinicians and diagnosticians assess when evaluating individuals for ASD. Difficulties in non-verbal communication, such as limited eye contact, lack of gestures, and challenges in understanding and using body language, are common characteristics observed in individuals with ASD. These difficulties can provide important clues to the presence of ASD and aid in the diagnostic process.
In essence, understanding these language differences equips parents to recognize potential signs of ASD in their child and more importantly, to empathize with their child's unique experiences. It's a journey of understanding, patience, and continuous learning, providing a foundation to better support their child's development. Early intervention and therapy can significantly improve language skills and communication abilities in children with ASD
Understanding the concept of regression, which refers to the unexpected loss of skills previously mastered, is crucial in recognizing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It's not uncommon for a child to suddenly cease using certain words, stop participating in social games that once brought them joy, or even stop responding when their name is called. These changes might be alarming, but it's important to remember that they could be indicative of ASD.
Research has redefined our understanding of ASD. It used to be thought that children with ASD could be divided into two simple categories: those born with the condition and those who developed it later. However, recent developments have indicated that regression might be a more prevalent characteristic of ASD than previously thought, making it more of a norm than an exception.
The study of regression provides valuable insights into the contributing factors of autism and possibly opens avenues for earlier identification of the condition. Ongoing research investigates potential associations between regression and certain medical conditions, alongside debunked myths linking vaccines to autism. The role of genetics in regression is another active area of research, promising future breakthroughs in our understanding of ASD.
Developmental milestones during your child's early years provide significant insights into their growth. These milestones serve as checkpoints to gauge your child's development and should be monitored regularly. For children aged between 1 to 2 years, there's a detailed checklist of milestones that parents can refer to. The CDC also offers a free milestone tracker app and an online checklist to help you keep track of your child's progress.
If you notice any regression in your child's developmental milestones, it's crucial to seek professional advice. These shifts might be indicative of ASD and understanding them could unlock the key to providing the support your child needs. In these instances, it's better to act early and consider seeking professional evaluation or intervention when necessary.
Signs of regression in ASD can vary but may include loss of previously acquired language or social skills, repetitive behaviors, loss of interest in activities, and changes in sleep patterns or appetite. Regression can occur at any age, but is most commonly observed between the ages of 1 and 3.
There are strategies to help manage regression in individuals with ASD, tailored to each individual's specific needs and challenges. Working with a multidisciplinary team, which may include speech therapists, occupational therapists, and behavior analysts, can help develop a comprehensive intervention plan. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy, which focuses on teaching new skills and reducing challenging behaviors, is commonly used for managing regression in autism.
Preventing and minimizing regression in children with ASD involves providing consistent support and implementing behavior modification strategies, such as technology-enhanced strategies, to reinforce positive behaviors. It's important to work closely with professionals to identify and address any potential causes of regression.
In conclusion, understanding regression in ASD is fundamental to providing your child with the necessary support. By closely monitoring your child's development and seeking professional guidance when necessary, you can navigate this journey effectively
You're the guiding light in your child's world.
Your observant nature and the precious moments you share can reveal early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Your role is essential in monitoring your child's progress, especially in areas like social interactions and communication skills.
Child development milestones are like little celebrations in your parenting journey. For example, your baby's first hearty smile or infectious giggle usually appears by their ninth month. By their first birthday, they should be engaging with you through simple gestures like pointing or waving. As they approach their third birthday, it's typical for them to start having simple conversations and asking questions.
However, if these milestones seem delayed, it could be an early indicator of ASD. This becomes particularly pertinent if you have a family history of autism, as it could suggest a genetic predisposition. One of the signs to look out for is a delay in joint attention - the ability to switch focus between an object and another person. Children with ASD often show a delay in this skill compared to their peers.
Language development is another critical area to watch. If your child labels objects but doesn't use these labels to make requests, or if they tend to parrot what they hear more than their peers, or if their speech patterns seem more mature than their age, these could be signs of ASD. A sudden or gradual loss of language skills, usually between the ages of 15 and 24 months, is another potential sign of ASD, known as regression in developmental milestones.
Your concerns are valid, and it's vital to seek advice from healthcare professionals if you're worried. Early intervention is key to better outcomes for children with ASD. As a parent, you are your child's strongest advocate. Remember, there are numerous resources and support networks available to assist you on this journey. Don't hesitate to reach out.
Seek advice from healthcare professionals and access support networks
Recognizing early signs of ASD can be critical for getting the right support and intervention. Common early signs include delayed speech and language development, difficulty with social interactions, repetitive behaviors, and sensory sensitivities. Consult a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and guidance if you notice these signs.
Early intervention is crucial and can significantly improve long-term outcomes for children with ASD. These programs are designed to address unique challenges such as social communication skills, behavior management, and cognitive development. Research shows early intervention can lead to improvements in language and communication skills, social interactions, and overall adaptive functioning.
Parents play a crucial role in supporting children with ASD. They are often the primary caregivers and advocates for their children, and their involvement is essential for the child's overall development and well-being. They can provide emotional support, create a structured and predictable environment, and collaborate with professionals to ensure that the child receives appropriate interventions and therapies.
Advocating for your child with ASD is crucial for their well-being and success. It involves being their voice and ensuring their needs are met. It's important to educate yourself about ASD, understand your child's rights, and collaborate with professionals to develop an appropriate treatment plan. Connecting with other parents of children with ASD can provide valuable insights and resources.
Early intervention has a significant impact on children with ASD. Targeted interventions and therapies can improve their social, communication, and behavioral skills. Such interventions usually include a combination of therapies such as applied behavior analysis (ABA), speech therapy, occupational therapy, and social skills training. Research suggests that early intervention can lead to better long-term outcomes, including improved cognitive abilities, increased independence, and better overall quality of life
In conclusion, recognizing the early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is crucial for parents in order to provide their child with the necessary support and intervention. Delayed joint attention, language delays or differences, and regression in developmental milestones are key indicators of ASD. Early screening and intervention can greatly improve outcomes for children with ASD, enhancing their development and overall quality of life.
As an empathetic parent blogger who understands the challenges and emotions of being a parent, I provide support, guidance, and relatable stories to help parents navigate the complexities of raising a child with autism. It is important for parents to trust their instincts and seek professional help if they notice any concerning signs or behaviors in their child.
By staying informed about ASD and engaging in open communication with healthcare professionals, parents can take proactive steps to address their child's needs. Early detection allows for early intervention, which can make a significant difference in a child's progress. Parents should not hesitate to reach out for resources and support from organizations specializing in autism.
Every child with ASD is unique, and it is important to tailor interventions and strategies to meet their individual needs. Behavioral therapies, speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, social skills training, and educational support are just some of the interventions that can be beneficial. Collaboration with a team of professionals can help develop an individualized plan that addresses the specific needs of the child.
In conclusion, recognizing the early signs of ASD is crucial for parents to effectively manage their child's condition. Early screening and intervention lead to better outcomes for children with ASD. By being proactive in seeking support and guidance, parents can provide their child with the best opportunities for growth and success. To learn more about supporting children with autism spectrum disorder or to access helpful resources start now
